掘金 后端 ( ) • 2024-04-14 12:09

bean的生命周期

  • 如果有BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类,调用postProcessBeanFactory方法
  • bean的构造实例化
  • 调用set方法设置bean的属性,填充属性
  • 如果bean实现了BeanNameAware接口,调用BeanNameAware的setBeanName()方法,此处传递的是spring配置文件中bean的id值
  • 如果bean实现了BeanFactoryAware接口,调用BeanFactoryAware的setBeanFactory()方法,传递的是spring工厂本身,可以用该方式来获取其他bean
  • 如果bean实现了ApplicationContextAware接口,调用setApplicationContext()方法,与上述类似
  • 如果bean关联了BeanPostProcessor接口,调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization()方法,被用作bean内容的修改
  • 如果bean中有@PostConstruct注解标注的方法,则调用该方法
  • 如果bean实现InitializingBean接口,调用InitializingBean的afterPropertiesSet()方法,
  • 调用自定义的初始化方法(init-method属性指定该方法)
  • 如果bean关联了BeanPostProcessor接口,调用BeanPostProcessor类的postProcessAfterInitialization()方法

此时容器初始化完成

容器进行销毁时

  • 如果bean中有@PreDestroy标注的方法,则调用该方法
  • 如果bean实现了DisposableBean接口,调用destory()方法
  • 调用自定义的销毁方法(destory-method属性指定该方法)

示例验证

public class Person implements BeanFactoryAware, BeanNameAware, InitializingBean, DisposableBean, ApplicationContextAware {

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(){
        System.out.println("构造器");
    }

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        System.out.println("set属性");
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("BeanFactoryAware#setBeanFactory");
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanName(String name) {
        System.out.println("BeanNameAware#setBeanName");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("DisposableBean#destroy");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet");
    }

    public void myInit() {
        System.out.println("init-method");
    }


    public void myDestory() {
        System.out.println("destory-method");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void postConstruct() {
        System.out.println("@PostConstruct注解");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void myPreDestroy() {
        System.out.println("@PreDestroy");
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("ApplicationContextAware#setApplicationContext");
    }
}

@Component
class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if("person".equals(beanName)){
            System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInitialization");
        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if("person".equals(beanName)){
            System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor#postProcessAfterInitialization");
        }
        return bean;
    }
}

@Component
class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("BeanFactoryPostProcessor#postProcessBeanFactory");
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-all-lifecycle.xml");
        System.out.println("---容器初始化成功");
        Person person = applicationContext.getBean("person", Person.class);
        applicationContext.close();
    }
}

---输出结果
BeanFactoryPostProcessor#postProcessBeanFactory
构造器
set属性
BeanNameAware#setBeanName
BeanFactoryAware#setBeanFactory
ApplicationContextAware#setApplicationContext
BeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInitialization
@PostConstruct注解
InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet
init-method
BeanPostProcessor#postProcessAfterInitialization
---容器初始化成功
@PreDestroy
DisposableBean#destroy
destory-method

spring bean factory负责管理在spring容器中被创建的bean的生命周期,有两组回调(初始化之后调用的回调和销毁之前调用的回调),框架内提供了四种方式来管理bean的生命周期事件

  • InitializingBean和DisposableBean回调接口
  • 针对特殊行为的xxxAware接口
  • Bean的配置文件中的自定义init()和destory()
  • @PostConstruct和@PostDestroy注解方式

bean的后置处理器

spring提供了两种后置处理器

  • Bean后置处理器 对容器中Bean进行后处理,对Bean进行额外加强
  • 容器后置处理器 对IOC容器进行处理,增强容器功能

Bean后置处理器

Bean后置处理器是一种特殊的Bean,这种特殊的Bean并不对外服务,主要负责对容器中的其他Bean执行后处理,例如容器中的目标Bean生成代理等。Bean后处理器会在Bean实例创建成功后,为Bean实例进行进一步的增强处理。实现BeanPostProcessor接口,实现postProcessAfterInitialization和postProcessBeforeInitialization方法。

public class MyProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {

    /**
     * 初始化之前
     * @param o
     * @param s
     * @return
     * @throws BeansException
     */
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
        if(o instanceof Connection){
            System.out.println("初始化之前");
        }
        return o;
    }

    /**
     * 初始化之后
     * @param o
     * @param s
     * @return
     * @throws BeansException
     */
    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
        if(o instanceof Connection){
            System.out.println("初始化之后");
        }
        return o;
    }
}

这里处理完之后一定要将bean返回回去,否则后续无法获取到bean

注:如果使用BeanFactory作为Spring容器,则必须手动注册Bean后置处理器,程序必须获取Bean后置处理器实例,然后手动注册。

BeanPostProcessor bp = (BeanPostProcessor)beanFactory.getBean("bp");
beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(bp);
Person p = (Person)beanFactory.getBean("person");

容器后置处理器

容器后置处理器负责容器本身,实现BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口,实现接口的postProcessBeanFactory方法对Spring容器进行处理,可以对Spring容器进行自定义扩展,

在BeanFactory标准初始化之后调用,即所有的BeanDefinition已经保存加载到beanFactory中,但是bean的实例还未创建

public interface BeanFactoryPostProcessor {

   void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;

}

https://zhhll.icu/2021/框架/spring/基础/5.bean的生命周期/

本文由mdnice多平台发布