SEOUL — Neither President Biden nor other American officials are going, but the Russian leader might. New Zealand says it decided months ago that its diplomats wouldn’t be attending. Political leaders of other nations are expected to bow out, too, whether they announce an explicit reason or not.

首尔——拜登总统和其他美国官员都不会出席冬奥会，但俄罗斯领导人可能会。新西兰表示，该国几个月前就决定其外交官不会出席。预计其他国家的政治领导人也将退出，无论他们是否明确宣布原因。

In less than two months, China will open the 24th Winter Olympics in Beijing under the shadow of the coronavirus pandemic and now also a diplomatic boycott intended to protest the host country’s repressive policies.

还有不到两个月，中国就将在北京举办第24届冬奥会，这项赛事笼罩在新冠病毒大流行的阴影之下，如今又面临一场旨在抗议东道国镇压政策的外交抵制。

The White House announcement on Monday that it would send no official delegation prompted anger in Beijing, where Chinese officials on Tuesday once again vowed to retaliate.

白宫周一宣布将不派任何官方代表团出席，此举引起北京的愤怒，中国官员周二再次发誓要进行报复。

“This will only make people see the sinister intentions of the American side and will only make the American side lose more morality and credibility,” said a spokesman for China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Zhao Lijian.

中国外交部发言人赵立坚说：“这只会让人看清美方的险恶用心，只会使美方更加丧失道义和信誉。”

A prominent columnist for state media, Chen Weihua of China Daily, bitingly expressed hope that Mr. Biden would live long enough to see China boycott the Summer Olympics to be held in Los Angeles in 2028.

Although the effect of Mr. Biden’s decision on other countries remains to be seen, several have already signaled that they, too, will seek ways to express displeasure with China’s policies while stopping short of prohibiting athletes from attending.

尽管拜登的决定对其他国家的影响还有待观察，但一些国家已经表示，他们也将设法表达对中国政策的不满，同时不会禁止运动员参加。

The decision will be especially complicated for European nations, which have sharply criticized China’s abuses of human rights and democracy in Hong Kong and Xinjiang.

对于欧洲国家来说，这一决定将尤其复杂，这些国家曾严厉批评中国在香港和新疆践踏人权和民主。

The European Union has just renewed for another year the business and travel restrictions it imposed a year ago on officials involved in the crackdown on Uyghurs and other Muslims in Xinjiang.

And in July, the European Parliament, which often takes strong moral positions, overwhelmingly passed a nonbinding resolution calling on diplomatic officials to boycott the Winter Olympics “unless the Chinese Government demonstrates a verifiable improvement in the human rights situation in Hong Kong, the Xinjiang Uyghur Region, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and elsewhere in China.”

同时，在7月，通常持强烈道德立场的欧洲议会以压倒性多数通过了一项不具约束力的决议，呼吁外交官员抵制冬奥会，“除非中国政府证明香港、新疆维吾尔自治区、西藏、内蒙古和中国其他地方的人权状况出现可验证的改善。”

At the same time, many European nations have extensive trade ties with Beijing that they do not want to jeopardize, especially for a measure that is likely only to offend China, not change it.

与此同时，许多欧洲国家与北京有着广泛的贸易关系，他们不想破坏这些关系，特别是对于一项可能只会冒犯中国而不会改变它的措施。

An official response on Tuesday from the European Commission, the European Union’s executive arm, to a question about the boycott offered no support for the American position.

周二，欧盟执行机构欧盟委员会回应了有关抵制的问题。该官方回应并未支持美国的立场。

Major sporting events like the Olympics, with their universal audiences, “can be instrumental for spreading positive values and promoting freedom and human rights at global level,” the commission said in a statement. “We are ready to contribute to that end. However, such platforms should not be used for political propaganda.”

像奥运会这样的大型体育赛事拥有全球观众，“可以有助于在全球范围内传播积极的价值观和促进自由和人权，”该委员会在一份声明中表示。“我们已准备好在这方面做出贡献。但是，此类平台不应用于政治宣传。”

Attendance at the Olympics in whatever form is a decision for individual member states, which are sure to be divided on this issue, as on much else.

以何种形式参加奥运会是个别成员国的决定，它们肯定会在这个问题上产生分歧，就像在其他许多问题上一样。

Italy would not join the American boycott, an Italian government official said on Tuesday, while France, Germany and Britain were noncommittal.

一位意大利政府官员周二表示，意大利不会加入美国的抵制行动，而法国、德国和英国态度不明朗。

If the Italian position changes, however, it will be a direct blow to Beijing. Italy will host the Winter Games in 2026 and would be expected by Olympic tradition to send official emissaries to these Games, accepting the baton, as it were, from one host to another.

然而，如果意大利的立场发生变化，将直接打击北京。意大利将在2026年举办冬奥会，按照奥林匹克传统，意大利将向这些冬奥会派遣官方特使，从上一个东道主那里接过接力棒。

At a news conference on Wednesday local time, Prime Minister Scott Morrison of Australia, citing concerns over human rights abuses in Xinjiang and China’s criticism of Australia’s plans for new nuclear submarines — along with Beijing’s reluctance to discuss the issues — said the country’s government officials would “not be going to China for these games. Australian athletes will though.”

在当地时间周三举办的一场新闻发布会上，澳大利亚总理斯科特·莫里森表示，该国政府官员“不会前往中国出席奥运会。但澳大利亚运动员仍会参加”。莫里森提到了新疆的人权侵犯行为、中国对澳大利亚新核潜艇计划的批评，以及北京不愿谈论这些议题的态度。

Only a handful of world leaders attended the Summer Games in Tokyo, which were held after a year’s delay because of the coronavirus pandemic. They included President Emmanuel Macron of France, whose country will host the next Summer Olympics in Paris in 2024, and he may be expected to attend these games because of protocol.

只有少数世界领导人参加了因新冠病毒大流行而推迟一年举行的东京夏季奥运会。他们包括法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙，法国将于2024年在巴黎举办下一届夏季奥运会，他可能会出于礼节出席奥运会。

His office said on Tuesday that Mr. Macron had taken note of the U.S. diplomatic boycott and that France would “coordinate at the European level” on the issue, Agence France-Presse reported.

据法新社报道，马克龙办公室周二表示，他已注意到美国的外交抵制，法国将在这个问题上“与欧洲各国一同进行协调”。

“When we have concerns about human rights we let the Chinese know,” Mr. Macron’s office said. “We took sanctions related to Xinjiang last March.”

“当我们对人权感到担忧时，我们会让中方知道，”马克龙的办公室说。“我们去年3月就采取了与新疆有关的制裁措施。”

Germany has not sworn in its new government yet, and while the coalition is expected to take a somewhat tougher line on China, Olaf Scholz, the incoming chancellor, refused to provide an answer on Tuesday. At a news conference, after a third question on the topic, he simply said, “We think it’s important to do everything you can to make the world work together internationally.”

德国新政府尚未宣誓就任，尽管预计联合政府将对中国采取更强硬的立场，但即将上任的德国总理奥拉夫·肖尔茨周二拒绝明确回答。在新闻发布会上，当人们第三次就这个话题提问后，他只是说：“我们认为尽一切努力让全世界在国际上共同合作很重要。”

Britain has made no decision on a diplomatic boycott either, but there are calls from within the ruling Conservative Party to do so.

英国也没有做出外交抵制的决定，但执政的保守党内部呼吁外交抵制。

Iain Duncan Smith, a former leader of the party and a vocal critic of Beijing’s policies, welcomed the U.S. announcement and urged Britain to follow suit.

该党前领导人、强烈批评北京政策的伊恩·邓肯·史密斯对美国的声明表示欢迎，并敦促英国跟进。

The British government “needs to do the same and announce a diplomatic boycott of the Beijing Winter Olympics,” Mr. Duncan Smith wrote on Twitter, adding in another post that many in Parliament favor such a move.

邓肯·史密斯在Twitter上写道，英国政府“也需要这样做，宣布外交抵制北京冬奥会”，并在另一篇帖子中补充说，议会中的许多人都支持这一措施。

The British government’s approach to China has been toughening amid growing tension over Chinese policy in its former colony, Hong Kong, a direct embarrassment to London. Speaking before the U.S. announcement, Britain’s deputy prime minister and former foreign secretary, Dominic Raab, told LBC News: “I can tell you categorically I will not be attending the Winter Olympic Games.”

中国在其前殖民地香港的政策日益收紧，直接令伦敦陷入尴尬，也促使英国政府对中国的态度越发强硬。在美国宣布这一消息之前，英国副首相兼前外交大臣多米尼克·拉布告诉LBC新闻：“我可以明确地告诉你，我不会出席冬季奥运会。”

China’s critics praised the White House for focusing international attention on China’s long record of human rights abuses. Those include crackdowns in Tibet and Hong Kong, as well as in Xinjiang, where more than a million Uyghurs and other Muslims have cycled through mass detention and re-education camps.

The International Campaign for Tibet said in a statement that a boycott was “the right choice both morally and strategically.”

Canada and Australia, both of which have tangled diplomatically with China this year, are also considering whether to join the boycott.

“Australia must not be complacent but move ahead with speed to demonstrate our long commitment to upholding human rights and calling out where they are breached,” Eric Abetz, a senator from that country’s governing Liberal Party, said in a statement. He has been calling for a diplomatic boycott since last year.

Although the American decision had been expected and, administration officials said, conveyed to Beijing in advance of Monday’s announcement, the Communist Party government appeared flustered, as well as angered.

虽然美国的决定早在意料之中，而且政府官员表示，在周一对外宣布之前就已经向北京转达了该决定，但共产党政府显得既慌张又愤怒。

Censors appeared to bar searches online for the word “boycott,” while initial reports in state media focused on statements by Chinese officials calling the efforts a politicization of a sporting event in violation of the Olympic spirit.

审查人员似乎在网上将“抵制”一词屏蔽，而官方媒体最初的报道集中在中国官方的声明上，称这种做法是将体育赛事政治化，违背了奥林匹克精神。

Officials in Beijing last week tried to pre-empt any prospect of a diplomatic boycott by saying they would not extend invitations to foreign leaders to attend the Winter Games, leaving that task to national Olympic committees around the world instead.

为了避免外交抵制的可能性，北京方面上周试图先发制人，表示他们不会邀请外国领导人参加冬奥会，把这项任务留给了各国奥委会。

That, however, contradicted a statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs last month that the Russian president, Vladimir V. Putin, would attend at the invitation of China’s leader, Xi Jinping. Mr. Xi attended the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics in Sochi in 2014 at a time when Russia, too, faced diplomatic boycotts.

For many countries, especially China’s Asian neighbors, the question of how to engage with Beijing around the Olympic Games has been fraught. Given the diplomatic sensitivities, some nations have sidestepped any explicit rebuke of Beijing.

对许多国家来说，尤其是中国的亚洲邻国，如何在冬奥会问题上与北京打交道是个很棘手的问题。鉴于外交上的敏感性，一些国家回避了对北京做出任何明确的指责。

Prime Minister Fumio Kishida of Japan said on Tuesday that his country had not yet decided who would represent the country in Beijing, though some lawmakers have called for a boycott because of human rights abuses, territorial disputes and Chinese aggression in regional seas.

日本首相岸田文雄周二表示，日本尚未决定是否派官员出席冬奥会，尽管一些议员呼吁抵制，原因包括侵犯人权、领土争端和中国在地区海域的挑衅行为。

New Zealand said that it had also expressed concerns about human rights in China, but that it would not send top officials mostly because of the pandemic.

新西兰表示，它也对中国的人权状况表示关切，但不会派遣高级官员出席主要是因为疫情的缘故。

The obstacles to attending the Beijing Olympics are not just diplomatic.

参加北京奥运会的障碍不仅仅存在于外交层面。

China has very stringent quarantine rules, requiring everyone who enters the country to spend two weeks in isolation, followed by a week or two of daily health monitoring at home or a hotel, with many restrictions on travel and social interactions.

中国有非常严格的防疫规定，要求每个入境者都要隔离两周时间，然后在家里或酒店进行持续一到两周的每日健康监测。此外还对旅行和社会交往有诸多限制。

The annoyances of the pandemic could diminish attendance, as they did in Tokyo. They could also give cover to nations that would simply rather not attend.

疫情的感染可能会导致出席人数的减少，就像东京奥运会那样。同时也为那些打算干脆不参加的国家提供借口。

Mr. Putin, an avid sportsman and an increasingly close ally of Mr. Xi’s, has not yet given final confirmation of his attendance despite China’s public statement last month that he would attend the opening ceremony, to be held on Feb. 4 in Beijing’s National Stadium, popularly known as the Bird’s Nest.

热爱体育的普京是习近平日益亲密的盟友。尽管中国上月公开声称，他将出席2月4日在俗称鸟巢的北京国家体育场举行的开幕式，但普京尚未最终确认出席。